Monday, April 29, 2013

Safety First

There had been reports about construction site injuries upstate and in Manhattan, but hardly anything about construction site injuries in areas hit hard by Hurricane Sandy until NY Daily News on  Sunday, April 28, 2013 printed a story on page 8 about thousands of safety violations at construction sites in New York City, New Jersey and Long Island.

Thousands of construction workers descended on hurricane-ravaged areas just weeks after Sandy left tracks across the northeast. The question arises whether or not there is enough professional construction management and safety inspectors in the region to safely manage the influx of thousands of skilled tradesmen and unskilled laborers.


The NY Daily News reported that

1.     At the height of the Sandy cleanup, workers without protection fell from roofs, were shocked by exposed wires and injured by chemicals, records show.

2.     Federal inspectors patrolling flooded neighborhoods in New York City, New Jersey and Long Island encountered 3,100 instances of unsafe job conditions, removing some 7,900 workers from hazards, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) records obtained under the Freedom of Information Act show.

3.       Although OSHA found thousands of cleanup workers doing jobs in unsafe conditions, almost no one was punished: OSHA issued violations in only 32 cases, imposing minimal fines between $1,000 and $11,600 that totaled just $141,934. In nearly every case, OSHA simply warned contractors to fix the problem and took no further action.

Do contractor and subcontractor bosses know how to secure the work area? If so, why are there so many violations?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration enforces safe work place regulations. According to OSHA’s website, a new initiative was started today to promote safety for temporary workers:

The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration today announced an initiative to further protect temporary employees from workplace hazards. The announcement was made during a program at the department's headquarters marking Workers' Memorial Day – an annual observance to honor workers who have died on the job and renew a commitment to making work sites across the country safer.

OSHA today sent a memorandum to the agency's regional administrators directing field inspectors to assess whether employers who use temporary workers are complying with their responsibilities under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Inspectors will use a newly created code in their information system to denote when temporary workers are exposed to safety and health violations. Additionally, they will assess whether temporary workers received required training in a language and vocabulary they could understand. The memo, which can be viewed at http://s.dol.gov/ZM, underscores the duty of employers to protect all workers from hazards.

"On Workers' Memorial Day, we mourn the loss of the thousands of workers who die each year on the job from preventable hazards," said Dr. David Michaels, assistant secretary of labor for occupational safety and health. "Many of those killed and injured are temporary workers who often perform the most dangerous jobs

have limited English proficiency and are not receiving the training and protective measures required. Workers must be safe, whether they've been on the job for one day or for 25 years."


The language barrier is a safety hazard. If anyone has been a member of a multilingual work force they will know that the management doesn’t repeat the work instructions a second or third time in  different languages. If the management is Anglo, typically the instructions are given once in English and unauthorized translations occur among the non-English speaking workers. Vice-versa, if the management is Hispanic, typically the instructions are given once in Spanish and unauthorized translation is given to non-Spanish speaking workers. Working in hazardous conditions multiply the hazards by having linguistic deficient labeling of caustic or acidic chemicals, radioactive substances, inflammable materials, electrical, toxic, and biological hazards.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration offers affordable training at their Online Campus on the Internet. There is a ten-hour courses in Construction Training and another ten-hour course in General Industry training. There are also thirty-hour courses for Construction and General Industry. There courses aren’t free, just under $200, but they certainly would cost less than fine, a law suit, plus legal fees and bad publicity.


 A lot of handymen around the country have not had OSHA training. I’ve worked construction sites before going through OSHA training. It’s the cost of doing business. Unskilled labor, inadequate safety equipment, management and regulators not following the law and not enforcing the law have been a perennial problem since before 9/11, when EPA said it was safe to breathe the air at Ground Zero without protective masks and hazmat gear.

How much does safety cost?
Hard Hat are probably the most important piece of equipment construction workers have. They are not expensive. There several brands available for less than $50. Most of these are less than $20.  Google “hard hat brands” and you will find a wide assortment for cranial protection.

Steel-toed work boots are the other important pieces of protective equipment necessary for safety on a construction site. Some manager won’t  allow workers on the site without them.  A quick Internet search for steel-toed work-boots uncovers some very interesting products. There are steel-toed sneakers for about $110. Florsheim and Timberland have a casual steel-toed shoe for under $140 for the general contracting executive who is going from the board meeting in midtown to a construction site on the Upper East Side. Heavy-duty steel-toed boots that cover mid-calf are around $200.
Work gloves are very important for safety, too.  Gloves protect the hands from the cold, heat. Work gloves protect the hands from work. They are made from a variety of materials from cloth, cloth rubberized for fingers and palms, insulated rubber gloves for electrical work, insulated leather for high temperatures. The prices range from $1 to over $60.

Goggles are important for eye safety. They protect the eyes from dust, chemicals, sparks, sand, grit,  and smoke. There are inexpensive over the glass goggles for available for under $5 on up to $75. Googling goggles uncovered safety glasses that are less cumbersome to wear than goggles.
Ear plugs may safely  protect the ear from loud noises that could cause injury. For added protection there are safety ear muffs that may also include AM/FM radio. There may be Bluetooth ear muffs to provide a channel for music CD and DVD players. There is 30 dB protection for under $30 without a radio. With a tunable AM/FM radio there is 26 dB protection for about $100. There is less protection available at a lower price, 22 dB safety ear muffs for about $75.

Protective masks vary in purpose from keeping dust out of the nostrils to covering the entire to protect face and eyes from blinding light and searing heat from arc welding, acetylene torch showering hot metal sparks, or toxic fumes from fires to prevent smoke inhalation. There also safety masks for dust, safety masks for chemicals, and safety masks for asbestos.
A surgical mask is about $8.  More advanced safety filtration masks are about $20. A welder mask prices are in the range under $200 to over $300.  Gas masks can cost from $30 to $300. Firefighters masks price are within this range but usually are less than $100.

Most volunteers who want to help in Hurricane Sandy damaged areas thinking they should show up with a mop, broom and shovel, would not be adequately protected from potential hazards on the ground, inside buildings moldering, stagnant water harboring microorganisms, raw sewage, other forms of chemical and biological contamination.

The cost of the essential protective gear is prohibitive for most laborers to pay out of pocket. Hard hats, steel-toed boots, safety glasses, work gloves, face masks total nearly $400. Gloves and masks are expected to wear out before the contract ends. A general contractor may spend $500 on protective gear on a contract every two months. This is probably why a lot of workers are not adequately protected.
 


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